A 50-gallon fish tank typically measures around 36 inches long, 12 inches wide, and 16 to 20 inches high. However, the exact dimensions can vary depending on the tank’s style and manufacturer, with “breeder” style tanks often being shallower and longer.
When you’re setting up a home aquarium, one of the first big decisions you’ll make is the size of the tank. This choice affects everything from the types of fish you can keep to the equipment you’ll need and even where you can place it in your home. The 50-gallon fish tank is a popular choice for many hobbyists. It’s large enough to house a good variety of fish and aquascaping elements, but not so overwhelmingly large that it becomes unmanageable. But exactly how long is a 50-gallon fish tank? Let’s dive into the details of 50-gallon aquarium dimensions and what you should know.
Deciphering 50 Gallon Aquarium Dimensions
The term “50-gallon fish tank” refers to its volume, not a specific set of measurements. This means that different tanks can hold 50 gallons of water but have different shapes and therefore different lengths, widths, and heights. Think of it like a box: you can have a tall, narrow box or a short, wide box, and both can hold the same amount of stuff.
The Standard 50 Gallon Tank Size
For a standard 50-gallon tank, you’re generally looking at dimensions that provide a good balance between length, width, and height. These are often the most commonly found in pet stores and are suitable for a wide range of aquarium setups.
The most common standard 50-gallon tank size is often referred to as a “50 Gallon Long” (50G Long). This is because it has a longer footprint compared to other 50-gallon configurations.
- Typical 50 Gallon Long Dimensions:
- Length: Around 36 inches (approximately 91.4 cm)
- Width (Depth): Around 12 inches (approximately 30.5 cm)
- Height: Around 16 inches (approximately 40.6 cm)
This shape is excellent for aquascaping, allowing for more horizontal swimming space for fish and creating interesting visual layouts. Many fish, especially active swimmers like danios or schooling fish like tetras, thrive in longer tanks.
Exploring the 50 Gallon Breeder Tank Dimensions
There’s another common configuration for a 50-gallon tank, often called a “50 Gallon Breeder” or “50 Gallon Tall.” These tanks have different proportions designed for specific purposes, such as breeding fish.
The 50 gallon breeder tank dimensions are typically:
- Length: Around 36 inches (approximately 91.4 cm)
- Width (Depth): Around 18 inches (approximately 45.7 cm)
- Height: Around 12 inches (approximately 30.5 cm)
Notice how the width and height are swapped compared to the 50 Gallon Long. This makes the breeder tank shorter and wider.
Why the Difference Matters
- 50 Gallon Long: The extra length provides more swimming room for active fish. It also offers more surface area, which is beneficial for gas exchange (oxygen entering the water and carbon dioxide leaving). This is often preferred for community tanks or tanks with fish that need ample space to move.
- 50 Gallon Breeder: The wider footprint and shallower depth can be advantageous for breeders. It can make it easier to access the tank for maintenance, observation, and managing fry (baby fish). The shallower height can also be better for certain types of fish or plants that prefer less vertical space.
What Influences 50 Gallon Aquarium Measurements?
Several factors can influence the exact 50 gallon aquarium measurements:
- Manufacturer: Different brands might have slightly different molds or design preferences. While they all aim for the 50-gallon volume, the exact external dimensions can vary by an inch or two.
- Tank Style: As we’ve seen, “Long” vs. “Breeder” (or “Tall”) styles significantly alter the 50 gallon tank length, 50 gallon tank width, and 50 gallon tank height.
- Glass Thickness: Thicker glass, often used in larger or stronger tanks, can add a small amount to the overall dimensions. However, for a 50-gallon tank, this difference is usually minimal.
- Rim vs. Rimless: Tanks with a plastic rim around the top edge might have slightly different overall dimensions than rimless tanks, where the glass edges are exposed and often polished.
The Importance of Knowing Your 50 Gallon Tank Length and More
Why is it so crucial to know the specific 50 gallon tank length, width, and height?
- Placement: You need to ensure the tank will fit where you want to put it. This includes checking against walls, furniture, and doorways. A longer tank needs more horizontal space.
- Filtration: The type and size of filter you need can depend on the tank’s dimensions and the volume of water. Some filters are designed for specific tank heights or widths.
- Lighting: The length of your tank dictates the length of the light fixture you’ll need to adequately illuminate the entire aquarium.
- Aquascaping and Decor: The dimensions will affect how you can arrange your substrate, plants, rocks, and driftwood. A longer tank allows for more distinct aquascaping zones.
- Fish Selection: The 50 gallon tank volume is a great starting point, but the tank’s shape is critical for fish well-being. A long, thin fish might feel cramped in a tall, narrow tank, even if it’s 50 gallons. Conversely, fish that enjoy vertical swimming space might be happier in a taller tank.
Fathoming the 50 Gallon Tank Volume
The “50 gallon” designation tells you the total amount of water the aquarium can hold. This is a crucial piece of information for several reasons:
- Filtration Capacity: Filters are often rated by the gallon volume they can effectively clean. You’ll need a filter rated for at least 50 gallons.
- Heating: Aquarium heaters are also rated by gallon size. Over- or under-sizing a heater can be inefficient or dangerous for your fish.
- Stocking Levels: The 50 gallon tank volume is a guide for how many fish you can safely keep. However, it’s not just about volume; the surface area and length also play a role in how well the water can exchange gases and support life.
- Maintenance: Knowing the precise volume helps you calculate how much water to change during water changes and how much dechlorinator to add. For a 50-gallon tank, a 20-25% water change (10-12.5 gallons) is a common recommendation.
Calculating Actual Water Volume
It’s important to note that a 50-gallon tank rarely holds exactly 50 gallons of water when fully filled. This is because:
- Substrate: The gravel or sand at the bottom takes up space.
- Decorations: Rocks, driftwood, and artificial plants also displace water.
- Air Gap: Tanks are typically not filled to the very brim. There’s usually an inch or so of air space at the top.
So, while the tank is rated for 50 gallons, the actual water volume might be closer to 40-45 gallons. This is an important consideration when selecting equipment and stocking fish.
A Table of Typical 50 Gallon Aquarium Measurements
To give you a clearer picture, here’s a comparison of the most common 50-gallon tank configurations:
| Feature | 50 Gallon Long (Standard) | 50 Gallon Breeder/Tall |
|---|---|---|
| Volume | 50 Gallons | 50 Gallons |
| Length | ~36 inches | ~36 inches |
| Width (Depth) | ~12 inches | ~18 inches |
| Height | ~16 inches | ~12 inches |
| Footprint | 36″ x 12″ | 36″ x 18″ |
| Best For | Active swimmers, community tanks, aquascaping | Breeding, smaller fish, easier access |
Note: These are approximate measurements and can vary by manufacturer.
The Long 50 Gallon Tank Advantage
The long 50 gallon tank is often a favorite for its generous swimming space. Fish that are active swimmers, like many tetras, barbs, and even some larger species like angelfish (though a 50 gallon is borderline for adult angelfish, a longer tank is better), will appreciate the extended length.
Think about a school of rummy nose tetras. They love to dart back and forth. In a 36-inch tank, they have a good stretch to do this. In a shorter tank, their swimming space would be significantly reduced. The increased surface area of a longer tank also means better gas exchange, contributing to healthier water conditions.
The Tall 50 Gallon Tank Advantage (Breeder/Deep Style)
The tall 50 gallon tank, or more commonly the breeder version which is wider and shallower, offers different benefits. The 36″ x 18″ footprint is quite substantial.
- Visibility: The wider tank can sometimes offer a more panoramic view of your aquascape.
- Breeding: As the name suggests, breeders often prefer these dimensions. Easier access, more surface area for territorial fish, and sometimes a more manageable depth for monitoring fry are key benefits.
- Certain Fish: Some fish, like certain types of cichlids or even some species of plecos, might have preferences for width over height.
Comparing 50 Gallon Aquarium Measurements
It’s not just about length. The interplay between length, width, and height creates the overall “shape” of the aquarium.
- Surface Area: A long 50 gallon tank (36″ x 12″) has a surface area of 432 square inches (36 * 12). A breeder style (36″ x 18″) has a surface area of 648 square inches (36 * 18). A larger surface area generally means better gas exchange, which is vital for fish health. This is a significant difference.
- Swimming Space: For active swimmers, the length is paramount. For fish that utilize vertical space, or for easier maintenance, the width and height become more important.
Choosing the Right 50 Gallon Tank
When you’re looking for a 50-gallon tank, pay close attention to the listed dimensions. Don’t just assume all 50-gallon tanks are the same.
Key Questions to Ask Yourself:
- What kind of fish do I want to keep? Research their specific needs regarding swimming space and tank shape.
- Where will the tank be placed? Measure your available space carefully, considering not just the dimensions but also access for maintenance and electrical outlets.
- What is my budget? While 50-gallon tanks are a similar price point, specific styles or brands might differ.
- What is my experience level? A slightly larger or more accommodating tank shape might be more forgiving for beginners.
Popular 50 Gallon Tank Configurations
- Standard 50 Gallon Long: Often sold as “50 Gallon” or “50 Gallon Long,” these are your most common 36″ L x 12″ W x 16″ H tanks. They offer a good balance for many hobbyists.
- 50 Gallon Breeder Tank: Usually labeled as “50 Gallon Breeder,” these are typically 36″ L x 18″ W x 12″ H. They are great for specific breeding projects or if you prefer a shallower tank.
- Less Common Variations: You might occasionally find other 50-gallon configurations, such as “50 Gallon Tall” which could be closer to 30″ L x 12″ W x 20″ H, or even unusual cube-like shapes, though these are less standard. Always verify the specific 50 gallon aquarium measurements.
Equipment Considerations for Your 50 Gallon Tank
Once you have your 50 gallon aquarium dimensions sorted, you can plan your equipment.
Filters
- Hang-on-Back (HOB) Filters: These are very popular. For a 50-gallon tank, look for filters rated for 50-75 gallons. The width of your tank might influence how well an HOB filter sits on the back, especially if you have a wider breeder tank where the back might be taller relative to the tank’s depth.
- Canister Filters: These are often more powerful and can be a great choice for a 50-gallon tank, providing excellent filtration and hiding away equipment. You’ll need to ensure the intake and outtake tubes can reach the appropriate water levels.
- Sponge Filters: These are simple and effective, especially for fry or shrimp tanks. You’d likely need two for a 50-gallon tank to provide adequate biological filtration.
Heaters
- You’ll typically need a 100-150 watt submersible heater for a 50-gallon tank. The height of your tank matters for placement, and you’ll want to ensure the heater is fully submerged according to its instructions.
Lighting
- The 50 gallon tank length is the primary factor for choosing lighting. You’ll need a light fixture that spans the length of the tank (around 36 inches) to provide even coverage for plants and fish.
Substrate and Decor
- The 50 gallon tank width and length will determine how much substrate you need. For a 36″ x 12″ tank, you’ll need a different amount than for a 36″ x 18″ tank. For example, a 1-2 inch layer of substrate in a 36″ x 12″ x 16″ tank requires roughly 10-12 pounds of gravel. In a 36″ x 18″ x 12″ tank, you might need 15-18 pounds for the same depth.
- Decorations like driftwood, rocks, and artificial plants should be scaled appropriately for the tank dimensions. A long tank can accommodate larger pieces or more extensive aquascaping arrangements.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q1: Is a 50-gallon tank considered a large tank?
Yes, a 50-gallon tank is generally considered a medium-to-large aquarium for a home setup. It offers significantly more options for fish species and aquascaping than smaller tanks.
Q2: Can I put large fish in a 50-gallon tank?
It depends on the specific fish. Some fish species that grow large, like Oscars or Flowerhorns, are not suitable for a 50-gallon tank. However, many medium-sized fish, like certain cichlids, larger tetras, or even a small group of dwarf gouramis, can thrive. Always research the adult size and specific needs of any fish you plan to keep.
Q3: What is the difference between a 50-gallon long and a 50-gallon breeder?
The main difference lies in their dimensions. A standard 50-gallon “long” tank is typically around 36 inches long, 12 inches wide, and 16 inches high. A 50-gallon “breeder” tank is often the same length (36 inches) but wider (18 inches) and shorter (12 inches).
Q4: How many fish can I keep in a 50-gallon tank?
This is a common question, and the answer is “it depends.” A general rule of thumb is one inch of adult fish per gallon of water, but this is a very rough guideline and often inaccurate. It’s better to research the specific needs of the fish you are interested in regarding space, swimming behavior, and social compatibility. A heavily planted tank with good filtration can often support more life than a bare tank.
Q5: Do I need a special stand for a 50-gallon tank?
Yes, you absolutely need a stand designed for aquariums. Standard furniture is not built to support the immense weight of a filled aquarium (water weighs about 8.3 pounds per gallon, plus the weight of the glass, substrate, and equipment). An aquarium stand is designed to distribute the weight evenly and prevent bowing or cracking.
Q6: What are typical 50 gallon aquarium measurements for a breeder tank?
Typical 50 gallon breeder tank dimensions are around 36 inches in length, 18 inches in width (depth), and 12 inches in height.
Q7: Is the 50 gallon tank length the most important dimension?
While the 50 gallon tank length is very important for swimming space, the width and height also play crucial roles in the overall suitability of the tank for specific fish and aquascaping. The surface area created by the length and width is vital for gas exchange.
Q8: Where can I find the exact 50 gallon aquarium measurements?
The most reliable place to find the exact 50 gallon aquarium measurements is on the product packaging, the manufacturer’s website, or by measuring the tank yourself if you already own it. Pet store websites and product descriptions usually list the dimensions.
In conclusion, while the 50 gallon tank volume provides a standardized measure, the specific 50 gallon aquarium dimensions can vary significantly. Whether you choose a standard 50-gallon long or a 50-gallon breeder, knowing these measurements is key to successful aquarium keeping, from planning your aquascape to ensuring the health and happiness of your aquatic inhabitants. Always check the product details for precise 50 gallon tank length, width, and height before making your purchase.